Passive systems
A passive loudspeaker receives amplified full-range audio and uses an internal crossover to divide frequencies between drivers. Cabling is simple and amplifier choice remains external.
Active and externally active systems
Active systems divide the signal before or within the amplification stage. This can allow driver-specific EQ, delay, limiting and crossover control, but requires more channels of amplification and more careful system configuration.
DSP can be part of the loudspeaker
Some cinema loudspeakers are engineered around manufacturer DSP and amplifier presets. In those cases, the electronics are not merely accessories - they are part of the intended electro-acoustic system.
Serviceability and infrastructure
Active architectures need signal, power and sometimes network/control infrastructure at different points. Passive systems can be simpler to service but may offer less driver-level control.
Neither is automatically better
Choose based on the speaker architecture, room, amplification strategy, rack design and support model.
Apply the principle to your room.
Send the room dimensions, seating plan and proposed system.